Credeti ca Dumnezeu exista? *Partea a II-a

• dacă nu ploua, cum de existau cele patru mari fluvii? (văzute ca brațe ale unuia și aceluiași fluviu mare!)
  
• și dacă exista om pe Pământ, care să lucreze pământul, s-ar fi rezolvat astfel problema vegetației care încă nu încolțise?

logic1, on 11 mai 2024 - 22:03, said:

(a) The English and Greek languages have a specialized verb form for the pluperfect, but the Hebrew language does not. A typical Hebrew perfect verb (or waw-imperfect) in a narrative may be translated as an English simple past (e.g., “formed” in Genesis 2:19), or as a perfect (“has formed”), or as a pluperfect (“had formed”). The translator will select an English verb form based on his understanding of the context in which the Hebrew verb is found.

(b) Aalders notes the importance of context in making a decision as to what sort of past tense to use for the Hebrew verb in Genesis 2:19. “As far as the creation of the animal world is concerned, the whole question of when this took place depends on how 2:19 is translated. It is possible to translate it either as ‘when the LORD God had formed’ or as ‘then the LORD God formed.’ The Hebrew permits either translation. How it must be translated in this specific instance depends entirely on the context.”

© Coleson similarly points to context as determinative for translation of the Hebrew verb in Genesis 2:19. “The NIV rendering, however is, Now the LORD God had formed. [Coleson’s emphasis.] Translating the verb as a past perfect implies that this account refers to God’s previous creation of animal life (1:20-22, 24-25). The fact that biblical Hebrew does not have a separate form to indicate the past perfect supports this translation. When associated grammar and syntax allow, and when context calls for it, Hebraists do not hesitate to translate the Hebrew ‘perfect’ (perfective) as a past perfect in English. When options exist, context should be the determining factor in translation.”

(d) Likewise, Collins has written: “It has been argued above (section V) that literary environment (‘co-text’) can establish the ‘logic of the referents’, i.e., it can tell us what the author thought was the ‘actual’ sequence of events. If we take Genesis 1:3-2:3 as conveying the broad-stroke story line, which seems to be the simplest way to read it, we are entitled, by the second criterion of section V, to read wayyiṣer in 2:19 as a pluperfect.”

New International Version
Now the LORD God had formed out of the ground all the wild animals...

English Standard Version
Now out of the ground the LORD God had formed every beast of the field...