Citrobacter freundii

Candida poate apărea şi se poate înmulţi de obicei după un tratament cu antibiotice, dar şi pe fondul unui sistem imunitar slăbit. Dacă reapare periodic, chiar şi după tratament şi regim poate fi semnul unor boli mai grave, cum sunt diabetul, leucemia sau infecţia cu virusul HIV, boli care afectează grav sistemul imunitar care luptă împotriva infecţiilor. În general, candida se localizează în cavitatea bucală, iar la femei în multe cazuri în părţile intime ale corpului. În cazul în care este localizată aici este vizibilă rapid. În gură apar multe pete albe, iar în zonele intime dă mâncărimi îngrozitoare. Un exudat faringian ne va arăta dacă ciuperca este localizată în cavitatea bucală. De asemenea o analiză de scaun specială poate depista candida intestinală. Există şi analize mai complicate din sânge care se fac atunci când ne bănuieşte că această ciupercă a invadat tot organismul.
Citeste mai mult: adev.ro/nq335n

The Citrobacter species, including Citrobacter freundii, are aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Citrobacter freundii are long rod-shaped bacteria typically 1-5 μm in length [1]. Most C. freundii cells are surrounded by many flagella used to move about, but a few are non-motile. Its habitat includes the environment (soil, water, sewage), food, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans [1]. It belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae.
As an opportunistic pathogen, C. freundii is responsible for a number of significant opportunistic infections. It is known to be the cause of a variety of nosocomial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, blood and several other normally sterile sites in patients [2]. C. freundii represents approximately 29% of all opportunistic infections [2]. Therefore, one of the chief reasons many different strains and plasmids of the C. freundii genome are being sequenced is in order to find antibiotics that can fight these opportunistic infections.
Surprisingly, this infectious microbe in humans plays a positive role in the environment. C. freundii is responsible for reducing nitrate to nitrite in the environment [3]. This crucial conversion is an important stage in the nitrogen cycle. And recycling nitrogen is very essential because the earth's atmosphere is about 85% nitrogen [3]. Therefore, due to its important contribution to the environment is another motivation for sequencing the genome of C. freundii.
The Citrobacter genus was discovered in 1932 by Werkman and Gillen. Cultures of C. freundii were isolated and identified in the same year from soil extracts [1].

Citrobacter meningitis is an uncommon enteric gram-negative infection that afflicts neonates and young children. Approximately 30 percent of children treated or untreated die from the infection. We report a case of C. freundii meningitis that was resistant to ampicillin and was successfully treated with ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin. A 13-day-old, full-term baby was admitted to the hospital with a one-day history of fever up to 38.8 degrees C. On admission the infant had a temperature of 39.2 degrees C, pulse of 140 beats/min, and a respiratory rate of 32 breaths/min. Except for a slightly bulging fontanelle, the rest of the physical examination was within normal limits. Complete blood count revealed a white blood cell (WBC) count of 12.5 x 10(9)/L, with 0.66 polymorphonuclear cells, 0.10 bands, 0.18 lymphocytes, and 0.06 monocytes. A stat lumbar puncture showed 10 WBCs per high-power field with gram-negative rods. Empiric therapy with ampicillin 225 mg q12h and gentamicin 11 mg q8h was started. Both antibiotics were discontinued after culture and sensitivity results were positive for C. freundii in the blood and spinal fluid. The patient was successfully treated with nine days of ceftriaxone 250 mg q12h.
Successful treatment of neonatal Citrobacter freundii meningitis with ceftriaxone. Available from: https://www.research...ith_ceftriaxone [accessed Jun 27 2018].

Symptoms
1.
Urinary tract infections caused by Citrobacter freundii trigger:
a burning sensation during  
urination, increased urge to urinate,
offensive smelling urine,
scanty urination,
blood in the  urine
fever  
burning or pain in the lower back and / or pelvis.
2.  C. freundii is also known to cause abnormal in flammatory changes in the intestine, sometimes   even resulting in necrotic changes.
3.   Citrobacter freundii has been linked to neonatal  meningitis as well. The meninges or coverings    of the brain get inflamed due to bacterialinfiltration.

C. freundii has the capacity to break through the blood-brain barrier (comprising of the brain capillary endothelium and the choroid plexus epithelium). It can invade and replicate in the brain too. Common clinical features and  
Citrobacter freundii symptoms include:

high grade fever

projectile vomiting

seizures.

peritonitis and tunnel infection due to Citrobacter freundii have also been reported. Thishas most frequently been seen in hospitalized and immune-compromised patients who have been kept on ventilators and urinary catheter.

Treatment
Citrobacter freundii infection is usually treated with antibiotics like fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and  cephalosporins.  The  treatment  plan  depends  up  on  the  vulnerability  of  the  microbe  to  the antibiotics  and  the  site  of  the  infection.  Converse
ly,  there  is  a  growing  alarm  over  the  levels  of resistance of C. freundii to a number of antibiotics. Supportive treatment is given as well to hasten cure.

Prognosis
The  overall  prognosis  for  Citrobacter  freundii  infection  is  moderate.  Untreated  and  neglected cases  show  extremely  poor  prognosis  and  almost  always  result  in  death.  Citrobacter  bacteremia commonly develops in elderly patients (65 %) and in hospitalized patients (77 %). The outcome for   freundii  urinary  tract  infection  is  good;  whilst  that  for  peritonitis  is  rather  moderate  to  poor. The mortality rate of Citrobacter freundii meningitis is incongruously high, with the death rate of the  patient  ranging  from  25  %  to
50  %.  Furthermore, serious neurological problems are known to persist in 75 % of the survivors.

daca as fi in locul tau, uite cum as proceda : as incerca sa intru cat mai putin in contact cu membrii familiei, poate chiar as purta masca chirurgicala.
as repeta analizele dupa terminarea tratamentului cu antibiotic.
intre timp as cauta info despre medic/spital - cred ca poti incepe de aici : http://www.marius-nasta.ro/

mama ta mai traieste (scuze, dar nu stiu cum as putea formula altfel aceasta intrebare), locuieste in continuare in acel mediu contaminat ?
daca da, incearca urgent sa o muti in alta locuinta, si sa-si faca si ea analize, cat mai urgent.